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Understanding Intervertebral disc disease in Dogs and Cats: Causes Symptoms, and Treatment

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    Commonality: Moderate
    Transmission: Not Contagious
    Impact on Health: Medium to High
    Symptoms: Head tilt, Uncoordinated movement, Rapid eye movements (nystagmus), Nausea, Vomiting
    Treatment Cost: >$3000-8000AUD
    Treatment Time: Weeks to Months depending on severity.
    Ease of Prevention: Medium
    Most effected Cat Breeds: Persians and British Shorthairs
    Most Effected Dog Breeds: Dachshunds, Beagles, Cocker Spaniels,Basset Hounds

    Key Takeaways

    • Recognizing the signs of Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) in pets is crucial for early detection and treatment.
    • Diagnosing IVDD promptly through imaging tests like X-rays or MRIs can help determine the severity and location of the disc problem.
    • Treatment options for IVDD range from surgical solutions like decompression surgery to non-surgical care such as medication, physical therapy, and acupuncture.
    • Managing pain in pets with IVDD involves a combination of pain medications, rest, and lifestyle adjustments to improve their quality of life.
    • Preventing IVDD in dogs and cats includes maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding high-impact activities, and providing proper support for their spine during daily activities.
    • Genetic insights into IVDD can help breeders make informed decisions to reduce the risk of passing on predispositions to the disease to future generations.

    What Is Intervertebral disc disease

    For the Non Vets : Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is like a jelly donut getting squished. The discs in the spine act like jelly donuts between the bones, cushioning them and providing flexibility for the spine. But in IVDD, these discs either get squeezed out of shape or burst, pressing on the nerves and causing pain. It’s common in dogs and less with cats, especially those with long backs.

    The Vets Answer : Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is a common condition in dogs and cats where the discs between the vertebrae of the spine degenerate. This degeneration can lead to bulging or herniation of the discs, causing pain and neurological issues.

    IVDD affects the spinal cord by putting pressure on it, resulting in symptoms such as pain, weakness, and paralysis. When the discs herniate, they can compress the spinal cord or nerves, leading to difficulty in walking, loss of coordination, and even loss of bladder control.

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    Importance for Pet Owners

    Understanding IVDD is crucial for pet owners as early detection and intervention can significantly improve outcomes. Recognizing the signs of IVDD allows pet owners to seek prompt veterinary care, which may involve medications, physical therapy, or even surgery to alleviate the symptoms and prevent further damage.

    Prevalence in Older Dogs and Predisposed Breeds IVDD is more commonly seen in older dogs, particularly those of certain breeds like Persians, British Shorthairs, Dachshunds, Beagles, Cocker Spaniels,Basset Hounds. These breeds are predisposed to developing IVDD due to their genetic makeup and unique body structures.

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    The Slightly More Scientific Explanation of IVDD…

    To understand Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD), let’s first look at the spine. The spine is made up of bones called vertebrae, and in between these bones are something called intervertebral discs1. These intervertebral discs differ from the hard bones in that they are soft and flexible, acting as cushions 1 . Structurally, the discs resemble jelly donuts, with a gel-like center (nucleus pulposus) encased by a tougher exterior (annulus fibrosus) 1. They serve as essential shock absorbers, facilitating movement and preventing the vertebrae from rubbing against each other during everyday activities. 

    When a dog or cat is diagnosed with IVDD, these intervertebral discs (or jelly donuts) are damaged causing it to bulge or protrude. The damaged discs can compress against or irritate the vertebrae and nerve roots, causing pain and potentially impacting the animal’s ability to move normally affecting its overall quality of life.

    The type of damage these discs are classified into three types based on the Hansen classification system, developed by Dr. Björn Hansen, a Danish veterinarian in the 1950s. Dr. Hansen studied how the discs in the spines of dogs and cats could degenerate and lead to various problems, identifying three main types known as Hansen Type 1,2 and 3 2 . 

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    Hansen Type 1

    Hansen Type 1 IVDD occurs when the gel-like centre of the intervertebral dish (the jelly in the jelly donut) hardens and eventually bursts or protrudes through the tough outer layer (the dough of the jelly doughnut). These protrusions can extend into the spinal cord where it presses against the spinal cord and nerves, causing significant discomfort and nerve related issues. The severity of discomfort can range depending on the speed and force at which the protrusion occurred and the level of protrusion. 

    IVDD, specifically Hansen Type 1, is far less common in cats than in dogs. Cats have a more flexible spine, which generally makes them less susceptible to spinal injuries. Hansen Type 1 is especially common in breeds such as Dachshunds, Beagles, Persians and Maine Coons3. 
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    Image 1 : Hansen Type 1 of IVDD (Adapted from (Smolders et al., 2013))

    These breeds are classified as chondrodystrophic, characterised by their shorter legs and elongated bodies, which make them more susceptible to this condition 3 . This anatomical structure means that everyday activities like jumping and falling exert unusual stress and strain on their spines compared  to breeds with more typical, less susceptible anatomical structures such as Golden Retrievers or Domestic Shorthair Cats. Consequently, their intervertebral discs face increased pressure, compelling them to work harder to absorb shocks and support the spine. Over time, this continuous stress leads to accelerated wear and tear of the discs, increasing their susceptibility to hardening and subsequent damage. 

    Hansen Type 2 

    In Hansen Type 2 IVDD, the outer layer of the intervertebral disc, the “dough” part of the donut doesn’t burst open suddenly like in Type 1. Instead, it weakens, deforms, and gradually bulges outward. This is similar to a donut where the dough is getting squished and starts to bulge, but the jelly inside isn’t squirting out. As this bulging occurs, it can press into the space where the spinal cord and nerves are located. Like in Hansen Type 1, this compression of the nerves can cause symptoms such as pain, reduced mobility, and in more severe cases, neurological impairments.

     

    Hansen Type 2 typically results from age-related wear and tear on the spinal discs 4.  As animals age, their their intervertebral discs naturally lose moisture and elasticity, making them less able to absorb shocks and more prone to bulging under the pressure of normal movement 4 .This type of IVDD is most commonly observed in medium to large breed dogs and cats aged between 5 and 12 years, as their discs progressively degrade overtime 3 .

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    Image 2: Hansen Type 2 of IVDD (Adapted from (Smolders et al., 2013))

    Hansen Type 3 

    In Hansen Type 3 IVDD, the injury typically occurs very suddenly, often as a result of a traumatic incident or intense physical exertion. This type of IVDD involves a rapid rupture of the disc, where the inner gel-like material (the “jelly”) bursts forcefully through the tough outer layer. This event can be compared to the explosive bursting of jelly out of a donut when subjected to extreme pressure. The sudden and forceful nature of this rupture typically results in immediate and severe pain and can cause significant damage to the spinal cord.

    Hansen Type 3 can affect any breed of dog or cat and is less linked to specific breed vulnerabilities (as seen in chondrodystrophic breeds with Type 1) and more associated with the circumstances that lead to the injury, such as engaging in high-impact activities or suffering from accidents 3 .

    IVDD Causes in Pets

    Age and Genetics

    Age and genetics are significant factors that contribute to the development of Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) in dogs and cats. As pets age, their intervertebral discs degenerate, becoming less flexible and more prone to injury. Genetics play a crucial role in determining an animal’s susceptibility to IVDD. Certain genetic factors can predispose pets to developing this condition, making it essential for pet owners to be aware of their pet’s genetic history.

    Genetic predisposition can increase the likelihood of disc degeneration and herniation, leading to IVDD symptoms such as pain, weakness, and mobility issues. Understanding the role of age and genetics in IVDD development can help veterinarians and pet owners take proactive measures to prevent or manage the condition effectively.

    Trauma and Disc Rupture

    Trauma is another common cause of IVDD in dogs and cats. Accidents, falls, or rough play can result in sudden trauma to the spine, leading to disc rupture or herniation. When a disc ruptures, the inner gel-like substance leaks out, putting pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. This pressure can cause pain, inflammation, and neurological deficits in affected pets.

    In cases of trauma-induced IVDD, prompt veterinary intervention is crucial to assess the extent of the damage and determine the most appropriate treatment plan. Pet owners should be cautious to prevent situations that may expose their pets to traumatic incidents that could trigger IVDD episodes.

    Breed Predisposition

    Certain dog breeds, such as Dachshunds, Corgis, and French Bulldogs, are more prone to developing IVDD due to their anatomical characteristics. Breeds with long backs and short legs are at a higher risk of disc degeneration and herniation. The unique conformation of these breeds puts increased stress on their intervertebral discs, making them susceptible to IVDD at an earlier age compared to other breeds.

    Pet owners of predisposed breeds should be vigilant for early signs of IVDD and work closely with their veterinarians to monitor their pet’s spinal health. Regular check-ups and preventive measures can help mitigate the risk of IVDD-related complications in these vulnerable breeds.

    Recognising Symptoms

    Common Symptoms

    Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) in dogs and cats manifests through various common symptoms. These include: 

    • Pain and Discomfort: This is often the first and most noticeable symptom. Dogs or cats may express pain through vocalisations, reluctance to move, or a hunched back. They might also react sharply when touched along their spine.
    • Reduced Mobility: Affected animals might show difficulty in standing up, climbing stairs, or jumping. Movements may appear stiff or awkward.
    • Muscle Spasms: These are involuntary muscle contractions which can be quite painful and may cause the back or neck to arch unnaturally.
    • Behavioural Changes: Dogs or cats suffering from IVDD may become more withdrawn, less active, or show changes in their behaviour due to pain and discomfort.

    Neurological Signs Variation

    The severity of paralysis serves as a critical indicator of advanced IVDD. In severe cases, pets may experience:

    • Paralysis: This is a more severe symptom, typically seen in advanced stages or particularly acute cases of IVDD. Paralysis may occur in the hind legs (most common), front legs, or all four legs, depending on where the affected disc is located along the spine.
    • Loss of Bladder and/or Bowel Control: In severe cases, IVDD can affect the nerves that control bladder and bowel functions, leading to incontinence.

    Additional Symptoms and Considerations

    Apart from the primary symptoms mentioned above, pet owners should also watch out for 

    • Change in Gait: IVDD can cause a noticeable change in the way a pet walks. Their steps might become wobbly or uncoordinated, and in severe cases, they may drag their legs or be unable to walk at all 4 .
    • Sudden behavioural changes like aggression or withdrawal could signal discomfort or pain associated with the condition.

    Diagnosing IVDD

    Diagnosing Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and sometimes more specific diagnostic tests3. Here’s a overview of how IVDD can be typically diagnosed:

    Physical and Neurological examination

    Physical exams play a crucial role in diagnosing intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) in dogs and cats. Veterinarians carefully assess the animal’s gait, reflexes, and overall mobility to identify any signs of discomfort or pain. By observing how the pet moves and reacts to certain stimuli, vets can pinpoint areas of concern that may indicate IVDD.

    Physical exams play a crucial role in neurological assessment in diagnosing the severity of intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) in dogs and cats. Veterinarians carefully assess the animal’s gait, reflexes, and overall mobility to identify any signs of discomfort or pain. By observing how the pet moves and reacts to certain stimuli, vets can pinpoint areas of concern that may indicate IVDD.

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    Imaging Techniques 

    Imaging exams for intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) are crucial for accurate diagnosis, assessment of severity, treatment planning, monitoring progression, and preventing further damage. They help identify the presence, location, and extent of disc protrusion or herniation, and differentiate IVDD from other causes of back pain, such as tumors or infections. Imaging reveals the extent of disc degeneration and any associated spinal abnormalities, including nerve compression, which influences the treatment approach.

    Diagnostic imaging techniques such as X-rays and specialised procedures like myelograms and MRIs are essential for confirming an IVDD diagnosis.

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    • Radiographs (X-rays): These are usually the first imaging tests performed. While X-rays can show changes in the space between vertebrae and signs of disc calcification, they can’t directly visualise the discs’ impact on the spinal cord.
    • Myelogram: This is a special type of X-ray where a contrast dye is injected around the spinal cord to outline it, providing a clearer view of how the discs are affecting the spinal cord.
    • Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: This can provide a more detailed cross-sectional view of the spine and is useful in certain cases.
    • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): This is the most informative imaging technique for diagnosing IVDD as it provides detailed images of both the hard and soft spinal structures, including the discs, spinal cord, and nerves. MRI is often considered the gold standard for diagnosing IVDD.

    Importance of Accurate Diagnosis

    Accurate diagnosis is paramount for effectively treating intervertebral disc disease in pets. Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis can lead to worsening symptoms, increased pain, and potential complications for the animal. By precisely identifying the location and severity of IVDD through thorough physical exams and advanced imaging techniques, veterinarians can tailor treatment plans to address the specific needs of each patient.

    An accurate diagnosis also helps mitigate risks associated with unnecessary treatments or surgeries. With a clear understanding of the extent of disc degeneration or herniation, vets can recommend conservative management approaches such as rest, medication, or physical therapy when appropriate. In cases where surgical intervention is necessary, an accurate diagnosis guides veterinarians in performing targeted procedures that minimise trauma and optimise recovery outcomes.

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    Treatment Options  : Non-Surgical Care

    Medical Management

    Medical management is often the primary approach for mild cases of intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) in dogs and cats. Pain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are commonly prescribed to alleviate discomfort and inflammation. These medications help reduce pain levels, allowing the pet to rest comfortably during the recovery process.

    In addition to pain relief, muscle relaxants may also be recommended to address muscle spasms and stiffness associated with IVDD. By targeting muscle tension, these medications aid in improving mobility and reducing discomfort. Rehabilitation exercises can complement medical management by promoting flexibility and strengthening the muscles supporting the spine.

    For pets with mild IVDD symptoms, a combination of rest, medication, and rehabilitation exercises can often lead to significant improvement. It is crucial for pet owners to strictly adhere to the prescribed treatment plan to ensure the best possible outcome for their furry companions.

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    Physical Therapy

    Physical therapy plays a crucial role in non-surgical treatment for intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) in dogs and cats. It involves a series of exercises and activities designed to improve mobility, strengthen muscles, and alleviate pain. By incorporating physical therapy into the treatment plan, pet owners can help their furry companions regain function and quality of life.

    Physical therapy sessions are tailored to the specific needs of each pet, taking into account factors such as the severity of the condition, age, and overall health. These sessions may include exercises to improve flexibility, range of motion, and muscle strength. Modalities such as massage and hydrotherapy can provide pain relief and promote healing in pets with IVDD.

    Pet owners should work closely with a veterinarian or a certified animal physical therapist to develop a customized physical therapy plan for their pet. Consistency is key in achieving positive outcomes, and regular sessions combined with at-home exercises can significantly enhance the effectiveness of non-surgical care for IVDD.

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    Controlled Exercise

    Controlled exercise is another essential component of non-surgical care for pets suffering from IVDD. While rest is crucial during the initial stages of treatment, incorporating controlled exercise can help improve muscle tone, prevent stiffness, and promote overall well-being in affected animals. Regular but gentle exercise routines tailored to the pet’s condition can aid in maintaining joint flexibility and preventing further complications.

    Pet owners should consult with their veterinarian to determine the appropriate level and duration of exercise for their pet with IVDD. Activities such as short walks, gentle stretching exercises, and low-impact play can be beneficial in supporting the recovery process. It is important to avoid high-impact activities that could exacerbate the condition and cause discomfort to the pet.

    Incorporating controlled exercise into the daily routine of pets with IVDD not only enhances physical health but also contributes to their mental stimulation and emotional well-being. By striking a balance between rest and activity, pet owners can help their furry friends lead a fulfilling life despite dealing with this challenging condition.

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    Crate Rest

    Crate rest is a fundamental aspect of managing IVDD without surgery. It involves confining the pet to a crate or small enclosed area to restrict movement and minimise stress on the spine. Crate rest is typically recommended during the acute phase of IVDD when the pet requires strict confinement to prevent further injury to the spinal cord.

    During crate rest, it is essential to provide a comfortable and safe environment for the pet. The crate should be large enough for the pet to stand up, turn around, and lie down comfortably. Soft bedding can help prevent pressure sores, while toys and treats can provide mental stimulation during periods of confinement.

    Pet owners must strictly adhere to the veterinarian’s guidelines regarding crate rest duration and restrictions on activity. While it may be challenging to limit the pet’s movement, especially for energetic animals, crate rest is vital for allowing the injured discs to heal properly and reducing the risk of complications associated with IVDD.

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    Treatment Options : Surgical Solutions

    The surgical approach typically involves removing the protruding disc material to relieve pressure on the spinal cord and stabilise the spine.

    When Surgery is Recommended

    Surgery is typically recommended for severe cases of intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) in dogs and cats. In instances where conservative treatments like medication and rest have not shown significant improvement, surgery becomes crucial. The decision for surgery is often based on factors such as the severity of symptoms, the location of the affected disc, and the overall health of the animal.

    For pets experiencing sudden disc rupture or when there is a rapid deterioration in their condition, surgery may be the only viable option. In such cases, delaying surgery can lead to further complications and worsen the prognosis. Immediate surgical intervention is essential to prevent permanent damage to the spinal cord and improve the chances of a successful recovery.

    In situations where pets exhibit severe neurological deficits, such as paralysis or loss of bladder control, surgery is often the preferred treatment choice. Surgical procedures aim to alleviate pressure on the spinal cord caused by the ruptured disc material, thereby restoring function and mobility to the affected limbs.

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    Post-Surgery Care Requirements

    After undergoing spinal surgery for IVDD, pets require specialised care to ensure a smooth recovery process. Strict adherence to post-operative care instructions is vital to minimise complications and promote healing. Restricted activity is crucial during the initial recovery phase to prevent strain on the surgical site.

    Pain management plays a significant role in post-surgery care, with veterinarians prescribing appropriate medications to alleviate discomfort and aid in recovery. Monitoring for signs of infection at the surgical site and keeping the area clean are essential aspects of post-operative care. Ensuring that pets receive adequate rest and physical therapy as recommended by the veterinary team can enhance their recovery progress.

    To support healing and prevent future disc issues, pet owners must follow a structured rehabilitation plan post-surgery. This may include gentle exercises, controlled movements, and gradual reintroduction to normal activities under veterinary supervision. Regular follow-up appointments allow veterinarians to assess progress, address any concerns, and make adjustments to the recovery plan as needed.

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    Benefits of Surgical Solutions

    The primary benefit of opting for surgical solutions in severe IVDD cases is the direct relief it provides by addressing the underlying issue causing spinal cord compression. Surgery aims to remove or reduce pressure on the spinal cord, allowing for improved nerve function and mobility in affected pets. By stabilising the affected vertebrae and addressing disc herniation, surgical interventions offer a higher likelihood of long-term success compared to conservative treatments alone.

    • Direct relief from spinal cord compression
    • Improved nerve function and mobility
    • Higher likelihood of long-term success

    Cost of Treatment 

    The total cost for surgical treatment of IVDD can typically range from $3,000 to $8,0004. This includes the surgery itself, which can cost between $1,500 and $4,000 alone as well as necessary pre-surgical expenses such as X-rays and other imaging needed for accurate diagnosis and surgical planning 4 .

    If your dog belongs to a breed that’s at higher risk for IVDD, it’s wise to either set aside a savings fund or consider investing in pet health insurance to help manage these potential expenses. IVDD is highly treatable, and being financially prepared can greatly help in ensuring your dog continues to enjoy a quality life.

    Disclaimer : These costs can vary based on the veterinary practice and the specific needs of the pet.

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    Prevention Strategies

    Here are some tips to help prevent IVDD – keeping the jelly donut in perfect shape

    Regular Exercise

    Regular exercise plays a crucial role in preventing intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) in dogs and cats. Exercise helps in maintaining muscle strength and flexibility, which are essential for supporting the spine and reducing the risk of disc degeneration.

    It is recommended to engage pets in low-impact activities such as walking, swimming, or gentle play to keep their muscles toned and joints flexible. These activities help in improving circulation to the spinal discs, promoting overall spinal health.

    Proper exercise routines can also aid in controlling weight, which is another significant factor in preventing IVDD. Maintaining an optimal weight reduces the pressure on the spine, minimising the strain on the intervertebral discs and decreasing the likelihood of disc herniation.

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    Healthy Weight Management

    Maintaining a healthy weight is essential for preventing intervertebral disc disease in pets. Excess weight puts additional stress on the spine, increasing the risk of disc compression and injury.

    To manage weight effectively, pet owners should provide a balanced diet tailored to their pet’s specific nutritional needs. Avoid overfeeding and opt for high-quality food that supports a healthy weight and provides essential nutrients for joint and bone health.

    In addition to a proper diet, regular monitoring of the pet’s weight is crucial. Scheduled weigh-ins at the veterinary clinic can help track any fluctuations and guide adjustments to the diet or exercise routine as needed.

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    Proper Support

    Providing proper support for pets’ backs is imperative in preventing IVDD. When handling pets, especially those prone to spinal issues, it is essential to support their back and hindquarters properly to avoid unnecessary strain on the spine.

    When lifting or carrying pets, always ensure to lift from the legs, not the back, to distribute weight evenly and reduce pressure on the spine. Using supportive harnesses or slings can also assist in maintaining proper alignment and preventing sudden movements that could lead to disc injuries.

    Moreover, creating a comfortable environment for pets with appropriate bedding and furniture can help alleviate pressure on their spines. Investing in orthopaedic beds or cushions that provide adequate support can significantly benefit pets with IVDD or those at risk of developing the condition.

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    Breed Awareness

    Understand that certain breeds, such as Persians, British Shorthairs, Dachshunds, Beagles, Cocker Spaniels,Basset Hounds, are more prone to IVDD due to their genetic predisposition. These breeds often exhibit structural characteristics that make them more prone to spinal issues, emphasising the importance of breed-specific considerations in IVDD management.5 .

    Breed-specific genetic insights not only shed light on the underlying mechanisms of IVDD but also guide breed-specific healthcare approaches. Veterinarians can tailor their recommendations based on the unique genetic profiles of different breeds, ensuring that preventive measures and treatment plans are optimised for maximum effectiveness.

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    Getting IVDD Covered with Pet Insurance 

    What is Petsy Pet Insurance?

    Petsy Pet Insurance is an insurance policy that reimburses 80% or 90% of vet costs for the treatment of your pet if they suffer an unexpected injury or illness (provided these occur after any applicable exclusion period has ended symptom free).

     

    Our policy is customisable and you’ll be able to tailor the level of coverage, based on your preferences for the Benefit Percentage, Annual Limit, Annual Excess, whether or not you’d like Optional Extra Benefits (if your pet is less than 3 years old) and whether or not you’d like to include costs of Vet Consultations for your cover.

     

    You get to see a summary of the cover when completing an online quote and have the option to select a preferred start date. After making the payment, you’ll receive a confirmation of cover and your policy documents by email. 

     

    For added peace of mind, we offer a complimentary Pre-Existing Condition Assessment for all our members. This includes collecting your pet’s vet history upfront which helps to fast-track any future claims and we’ll also let you know whether there are any pre-existing conditions noted in their medical history that might affect your ongoing coverage. 

     

    Claims are quick and easy, and your vet can submit claims on your behalf. Approved claims are paid into your nominated bank account.

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    What is a Pre-Existing Condition

    Under the terms of the policy, Pre-existing Condition is defined as:

    An Injury, Illness, Dental Illness, Behavioural Condition or Specified Condition (including Bilateral Conditions, recurrent Conditions and other conditions that are related to, secondary to, or results of) that:

    1. first occurred or showed symptoms of; or
    2. was identified or investigated by a Vet; or
    3. You were aware of or a reasonable person in the circumstances could be expected to have known about, before Your Pet’s First Date of Cover; before a change of coverage became effective, or during any applicable Exclusion Period.

     

    Whether a condition is considered a pre-existing condition depends on when the signs or symptoms occurred and when the exclusion periods on your policy end. Anything that happened before the exclusion periods ended is considered a pre-existing condition because it started before your coverage began.

     

    Covered by Petsy: We cover IVDD as long as it’s not a pre-existing condition and your pet hasn’t shown signs or symptoms of the condition within the exclusion period.

     

    A specified condition includes specific health issues, including cruciate ligament damage, intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), hip dysplasia, patella luxation, elbow dysplasia, osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), cherry eye, entropion, ectropion, and lumps.

     

    IVDD is a specified condition that has a 6 month exclusion period. 

    Once this period has passed and as long as your pet hasn’t shown symptoms, we can help to cover the vet costs for unexpected injuries and illnesses likeIVDD.

    DALL·E-2024-07-12-19.16.06-A-minimalist-3D-icon-depicting-an-exclusion-period-with-a-calendar-and-a-lock.-Use-a-purple-and-white-theme-with-the-color-code-3B2A80-for-the-purple-qxbpzb2uxmo99fjk3qudw0g

    Does Petsy Cover IVDD?

    Yes, IVDD is covered under our standard policy. However, we can’t cover it if it’s a pre-existing condition, for example, if signs or symptoms appeared before your policy started or during the exclusion period. Petsy is here to protect you against unexpected vet costs.

    How Petsy Pet Insurance can help with IVDD

    At Petsy, we understand how difficult it is when your pet faces IVDD. Our insurance can help cover the costs of treatment, but it’s important to start your policy early, before any signs or symptoms appear.

    Stay alert to any signs of IVDD, and seek veterinary care proactively. Catching things early can make a big difference in your pet’s well-being and help them receive the best possible care.

     

    Waiver Form

    You can apply to reduce the 6-month exclusion period for Specified Conditions by using our Waiver Form. Simply take this form to your next vet visit and make sure to submit the completed form back to us within 14 days of the visit.

    The conditions that this waiver applies to include cruciate ligament damage, intervertebral disc disease, hip dysplasia, patella luxation, elbow dysplasia, osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), cherry eye, entropion, ectropion, and lumps.

    Here’s how to apply:

     

    • Fill out Part 1: You start by completing Part 1 of the form.
    • Vet Examination: Have your vet examine your pet and complete Part 2 of the form.
    • Submit the Form: Send the completed form along with your pet’s full veterinary history to us within 14 days of the examination.
    • Receive an updated Certificate of Insurance: Once the review is complete, we’ll issue an updated Certificate of Insurance detailing any reduced exclusion periods for specified conditions.

     

    You can find the waiver form on our website under the ‘Policy Documents’ section, or contact us directly and we’ll send it to you.

    Final Remarks

    You’ve delved deep into understanding intervertebral disc disease in your furry friends. From its causes to recognizing symptoms, diagnosing, treatment options, and even prevention strategies, you’re now equipped with a wealth of knowledge to keep your pets healthy and happy. Whether it’s opting for surgical solutions or focusing on non-surgical care, managing pain, or considering genetic insights, you have a comprehensive understanding of how to tackle IVDD in your beloved companions.

    At Petsy Pet Insurance, we understand the emotional and financial strain that IVDD can place on pet owners. That’s why we’re committed to providing comprehensive coverage that supports not only the necessary treatments—from surgery to physical therapy—but also preventive care measures that can mitigate the risks associated with this condition.

    Now it’s time to put this knowledge into action. Stay vigilant for any signs, be proactive in seeking veterinary care, and remember that prevention is key. By staying informed and taking the necessary steps, you can ensure the well-being of your pets and provide them with the best possible care. Your furry friends will thank you for it!

    DALL·E-2024-07-12-19.13.42-Close-up-image-of-a-spine-showing-the-vertebrae-intervertebral-discs-and-nerves.-The-vertebrae-are-detailed-in-white-the-intervertebral-discs-in-cr-qxbpzb2uxmo99fjk3qudw0g9g

    Frequently Asked Questions

    What is Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) in Dogs and Cats?

    Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) is a condition where the discs between the vertebrae of the spine degenerate, leading to pain, mobility issues, and even paralysis in pets. It commonly affects breeds with long backs like Dachshunds and Corgis.

    How can I Recognise Symptoms of IVDD in my Pet?

    Watch for signs like back pain, reluctance to move, hunched back, yelping when touched, weakness in limbs, or dragging hind legs. If you notice any of these symptoms in your pet, consult a veterinarian immediately for a proper diagnosis.

    What are the Treatment Options for IVDD in Pets?

    Treatment options include conservative management with medications, physical therapy, and strict rest, or surgical intervention in severe cases. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the disease and your pet’s overall health condition.

    Are there Preventive Strategies to Reduce the Risk of IVDD in Pets?

    Prevention strategies for IVDD involve maintaining a healthy weight in your pet, avoiding activities that strain the back, providing proper support during handling, and regular exercise to keep muscles strong. Consulting your veterinarian for breed-specific advice can also be beneficial.

    Can Genetics Play a Role in Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)?

    Yes, genetics can contribute to IVDD predisposition in certain dog breeds. Breeds like Dachshunds, Beagles, and Bulldogs are genetically predisposed to IVDD due to their unique spinal structure. Understanding your pet’s breed characteristics can help in early detection and preventive measures.

    References

    1. Riney R. Intervertebral disc disease | Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine [Internet]. www.vet.cornell.edu. [cited 2024 Jun 14]. Available from: https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/riney-canine-health-center/canine-health-information/intervertebral-disc-disease#:~:text=Diagnosis
    2. Fenn, J., Olby, N.J. and Canine Spinal Cord Injury Consortium (CANSORT-SCI), 2020. Classification of intervertebral disc disease. Frontiers in veterinary science, 7, p.579025.
    3. Fitzpatrick Referrals. Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) – Fitzpatrick Referrals [Internet]. Fitzpatrick Referrals. 2015. Available from: https://www.fitzpatrickreferrals.co.uk/neurology/intervertebral-disc-disease/
    4. What is IVDD in Dogs? Answers about surgery, cost, recovery [Internet]. www.broadstreetvet.com. [cited 2024 Jun 14]. Available from: https://www.broadstreetvet.com/site/blog/2021/08/15/ivdd-in-dogs-surgery-cost-recovery#:~:text=IVDD%20surgery%20itself%20can%20cost
    5. Intervertebral Disc Disease – North Coast Veterinary Specialist [Internet]. North Coast Veterinary Specialist & Referral Centre . 2022 [cited 2024 Jun 14]. Available from: https://ncvs.net.au/intervertebral-disc-disease/#:~:text=There%20are%20three%20types%20of

    Image References

    Smolders, L.A., Bergknut, N., Grinwis, G.C., Hagman, R., Lagerstedt, A.S., Hazewinkel, H.A., Tryfonidou, M.A. and Meij, B.P., 2013. Intervertebral disc degeneration in the dog. Part 2: chondrodystrophic and non-chondrodystrophic breeds. The veterinary journal, 195(3), pp.292-299

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    Petsy Pty Ltd (ABN 54 633 343 058, AR 1277359) (‘Petsy’) distributes and promotes Petsy Pet Protection Plus (formally Petsy Pet Insurance), Petsy Puppy Protection Plus and Petsy Kitten Protection Plus as an authorised representative of ThePetInsuranceCompany.com.au Pty Ltd (ABN 38 620 795 735, AFSL 536651) (‘ThePetInsuranceCompany.com.au’). ThePetInsuranceCompany.com.au is an underwriting agency acting under a binding authority as an agent for the insurer; Pacific International Insurance Pty Limited (ABN 83 169 311 193, AFSL 523921) (‘Pacific).
In all aspects of arranging this product, Petsy and ThePetInsuranceCompany.com.au act as an agent of Pacific and not as your agent. Any advice contained in this email is general advice only and has been prepared without taking into account individual objectives, financial situation or needs and you should consider the appropriateness of any such advice, the Product Disclosure Statement (‘PDS’) and the Target Market Determination (‘TMD’) available via http://www.petsy.com.au or by calling 1300 952 790 before making a decision to acquire, or to continue to hold, the product. Terms, conditions, limits and exclusions apply. Please refer to the PDS.

    Privacy Policy – Website Terms of Use

    © Copyright 2024 Petsy Pet Insurance 

    Specified Conditions includes:

    • Cruciate ligament damage
    • Intervertebral disc disease
    • Hip dysplasia
    • Patella luxation
    • Elbow dysplasia
    • Cherry eye
    • Entropion
    • Ectropion,
    • Osteochondritis dissecans (‘OCD’)
    • Lumps

    Lumps means the protuberance or localised area of swelling or unusual growth that can occur anywhere on or in the body including tumours, warts, cysts, growths, mucoceles, haematomas and abscesses.

    You can apply to reduce the 6-month exclusion period for Specified Conditions by using our request for Waiver Form. Simply take this form to your next vet visit and submit the completed form back to [email protected] within 14 days of the visit.

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    Optional Extra Benefits

    During the application process You will be provided with the option to include Optional Extra Benefits that cover certain conditions and Treatments which are not otherwise covered under the Policy.

    The Optional Extra Benefits are:

    Alternative Therapies, Behavioural Problems, and Dental Illness.

    Examples of Alternative Therapies: Acupuncture, physiotherapy, hydrotherapy.

    Examples of Behavioural Problems: Excessive licking, fur pulling, pacing and destructive chewing.

    Examples of Dental Illnesses: Dental diseases, gingivitis, periodontal disease.